H5N1 Bird Flu Spreads To Cats—How To Keep Your Furry Friend Safe

The recent detection of bird flu (H5N1) in domestic cats in Madhya Pradesh—the first reported case of its kind in India—has sparked concerns among pet owners and health experts. While avian influenza primarily affects birds, certain strains, including H5N1, have been known to infect mammals. With the virus now found in cats, veterinarians are urging caution, particularly in cities like Hyderabad, where pet ownership is high.

How Did the Virus Spread to Cats?

Veterinary virologists point out that cases of H5N1 in cats have been reported in other countries as well. Dr Priya Deshmukh, a veterinary expert, in a media interaction, explains, “In some instances, cats have been infected after eating raw poultry or drinking unpasteurized milk. While there is no evidence yet of cat-to-human transmission, the unpredictable nature of H5N1 means that pet owners should take preventive steps.”

Experts strongly advise against allowing pet cats to roam freely, especially in areas where they might come into contact with infected birds or contaminated surfaces. Given Hyderabad’s large population of pet cats and urban birds, the potential for indirect exposure to H5N1 remains a concern.

Symptoms of H5N1 in Cats

Some common symptoms of H5N1 infection in cats include:

• Lethargy and weakness
• Loss of appetite
• Breathing difficulties or coughing
• High fever
• Vomiting or diarrhoea
• Sudden neurological symptoms such as seizures or disorientation

If a pet cat displays any of these symptoms, seeking urgent veterinary care immediately is crucial.

Preventive Measures for Pet OwnersVeterinarians in Hyderabad are explaining the importance of preventive care to minimize any potential risks. Here are some key steps pet owners can take:

• Avoid raw poultry or unpasteurized milk: Ensure that pet cats are fed properly cooked food and avoid feeding them raw meat, especially poultry.
• Keep cats indoors: Limiting outdoor exposure reduces the risk of contact with infected birds or contaminated environments.
• Maintain hygiene: Regularly clean and disinfect pet feeding bowls, litter boxes, and any surfaces your cat frequently uses.
• Monitor local updates: Stay informed about any bird flu outbreaks in your area and follow health authorities' guidance.
• Seek immediate veterinary attention: If your pet shows any signs of illness, consult a vet without delay.

India’s Response to the H5N1 Outbreak

Following the detection of H5N1 in three pet cats and a live bird market in Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, last month, the Union government has implemented stringent public health measures to contain the outbreak.

The Union health ministry directed the state government to initiate control and containment operations under the 'Action Plan of Animal Husbandry for Prevention, Control, and Containment of Avian Influenza' (2021). As part of these measures, all birds in the affected live bird market were culled, and the market was closed for 21 days following sanitization.

Authorities collected 65 samples from veterinarians, market workers, and other close contacts on February 10, 2025, to assess potential human exposure. These samples were sent to the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in Pune for testing, and all results came back negative for influenza.

According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), H5N1 remains a significant threat to animal and human health. Recent outbreaks in 2021, 2023, and 2024 have impacted poultry and wild birds across multiple states, causing economic losses and raising public health concerns due to the virus's zoonotic potential.

H5N1 is highly pathogenic and poses a risk to humans, with a case fatality rate exceeding 50 per cent. While human infections are rare and typically result from direct contact with infected birds, the severity of the illness—ranging from fever and respiratory distress to multi-organ failure.

Is India Prepared?

India has strengthened its preparedness for H5N1 through active surveillance and the availability of medical countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral medications. The ICMR is actively working on developing an indigenous vaccine using mRNA and traditional platforms to bolster the country’s pandemic readiness. This vaccine aims to protect vulnerable populations, reduce morbidity and mortality, and mitigate the socio-economic impacts of potential outbreaks.

Staying Alert and Informed

As the situation evolves, authorities remain on high alert to prevent the virus from spreading further and to protect both animal and human populations from the ongoing threat of avian influenza H5N1. For pet owners, staying informed and taking simple precautions can help their furry companions stay safe and healthy.

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