Publish Date
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February 27, 2025
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When cancer spreads to the lymph nodes in the pelvic area it blocks the drainage of lymph fluid, causing swelling

If you notice unusual changes in your legs, like sudden swelling, it could be a potential sign of bladder cancer, according to the NHS. Doctors say it happens when there is an exponential growth of abnormal tissue, known as a tumour that develops along the lining of the bladder.
In some cases, the tumour also spreads into the bladder muscle over time. The most common symptom is blood in the urine, which is typically painless. Even if the bleeding is intermittent and causes no discomfort, it’s important to see your doctor if you notice blood in your urine.

Why does bladder cancer cause leg swelling?

Also known as lymphedema, bladder cancer causes swelling in the leg as the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes in the pelvic area, blocking the drainage of lymph fluid and leading to the buildup in the legs due to the disruption in the lymphatic system.
Doctors say it usually happens when the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes near the groin area.
According to experts, the pelvic region contains a large network of lymph nodes that get affected by spreading bladder cancer, causing an obstruction to the lymph nodes. Also, when lymph fluid is not able to drain properly due to blocked lymph nodes, it accumulates in the tissues, causing swelling, especially in the legs.

How common is bladder cancer?

Statistics say bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in males, as men are four times more likely to develop it than women. However, women who do have bladder cancer typically have advanced forms of the disease because they do not know about bladder cancer symptoms.
According to the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network, women are less likely to pay attention to blood in their pee—the first and most important bladder cancer symptom—because they associate blood in pee with common gynecological issues.
Doctors say this cancer usually affects those over the age of 55 years or older. On average, most people are 73 years old when they are diagnosed with bladder cancer.

Signs and symptoms of bladder cancer

Apart from blood in your pee, the most common symptoms of bladder cancer include:

Pain when you pee

Also known as dysuria, it is a burning or stinging sensation that you may feel when you start to pee or after you pee. Men may have pain in their penises before or after peeing.

Needing to pee a lot

Frequent urination happens when you are peeing many times during a 24-hour period.

Trouble peeing

The flow of your pee may start and stop or the flow may not be as strong as usual.

Persistent bladder infections

Bladder infections and bladder cancer symptoms have common symptoms.

What causes bladder cancer?

According to doctors, while it is not known why exactly bladder cells mutate and become cancerous cells, a few reasons identified as causes of bladder cancer include:

Smoking

Smoking cigarettes more than doubles your risk of developing bladder cancer.

Radiation exposure

Radiation therapy to treat cancer may increase your risk of developing bladder cancer.

Chemotherapy

Certain chemotherapy drugs may increase your risk.

Exposure to certain chemicals

According to studies, those who work with certain chemicals used in dyes, rubber, leather, paint, some textiles, and hairdressing supplies may have an increased risk.
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