WHO Issues Urgent Warning: Encephalitis Becoming A Global Health Emergency

The World Health Organization (WHO) and Encephalitis International have issued a new warning about encephalitis, a serious brain condition that is becoming a growing global health concern. They have released a Technical Brief explaining the urgent need for better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.

What is Encephalitis?

Encephalitis is a condition where the brain becomes inflamed due to infections or autoimmune reactions. This can lead to severe complications such as brain damage, memory loss, and even permanent disability. While many people are unaware of encephalitis, it can affect people of all ages and backgrounds.

There are two main types of encephalitis:

- Infectious encephalitis is caused by viruses like Japanese Encephalitis and Scrub Typhus, which are common in India.

- Autoimmune encephalitis is when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the brain.

Why is Encephalitis a Growing Concern?Dr Ava Easton, Chief Executive of Encephalitis International, stressed the importance of immediate action. “Encephalitis is an increasing global threat. Without urgent attention and investment, we will see more needless death and disability from the condition,” she said.

A 2024 survey found 1,548 cases of Japanese Encephalitis across 24 Indian states and Union Territories. Many cases go unreported, especially in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) where healthcare systems struggle to provide adequate care.

Dr Tarun Dua from WHO’s Brain Health Unit stated, “The WHO encephalitis technical brief aims to focus attention on the increasing global threat of encephalitis, prevention strategies, and existing gaps in diagnosis, treatment, and care.”

Key Findings from WHO’s Report

The WHO report explains several critical issues:

- Encephalitis is under-recognized, despite causing significant deaths and disabilities.

- Climate change, urbanization, and global trade contribute to the spread of infectious encephalitis.

- Many cases go undiagnosed, particularly in LMICs, due to poor data collection and lack of awareness.

- Stronger surveillance and vaccination programs are needed to control the disease.

- Public awareness campaigns can help reduce deaths and long-term disabilities.

The Global Response

To help address these challenges, Encephalitis International has launched the “Countdown to Change” appeal, aiming to raise 50,000 pounds by February 22, 2025. The funds will be used to improve diagnostics, treatment access, and post-care support for patients worldwide.

“WHO’s recognition of encephalitis as a global health threat is a pivotal moment,” said Dr Easton. “We must act decisively to improve prevention, diagnosis, and care for those affected.”

Recognizing the Symptoms

Despite affecting three people every minute globally, 77 per cent of the population remains unaware of encephalitis. The lack of awareness often leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Common symptoms include:

- Confusion and altered consciousness

- Memory loss and psychiatric symptoms

- Behavioural changes and seizures

Without timely treatment, encephalitis survivors may suffer long-term effects such as cognitive impairment, epilepsy, and chronic fatigue.

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