Heatwave Grips Pune, Hyderabad: Cities Report Surge In Heat Exhaustion And Dehydration Cases - Tips To Keep Yourself Safe

With Pune recording temperatures above 36 degrees C, and Hyderabad nearing 35 degrees C, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) predicted Mumbai to hit 37 degrees C on February 22. The health experts are raising alarms over the growing risk of dehydration and heat exhaustion among residents of these cities. Vulnerable groups such as newborns, children, the elderly, and people with chronic conditions like diabetes are particularly at risk. Though February is considered a winter month the unseasonal heat is increasing health risks.

What Is A Heatwave?

A heatwave is a prolonged period of excessively high temperatures, often accompanied by high humidity, which can cause severe health issues. The IMD classifies a heatwave when temperatures are at least 4.5 degrees C above the normal average or exceed 40 degrees C in plains and 30 degrees C in hilly areas. Heatwaves can lead to heat exhaustion, heatstroke, dehydration, and even fatalities in worst cases if precautions are not taken.

Surge In Heat-Related Illnesses

Unseasonably high temperatures in February have led to an early onset of summer in Pune, Hyderabad, and other parts of India, causing an unexpected rise in heat-related illnesses. Typically observed in the peak summer months of April and May, cases of dehydration and heat exhaustion are already increasing.

Doctors in these cities report a growing number of patients experiencing heat-related symptoms such as dizziness, excessive thirst, fatigue, nausea, and headaches.

Symptoms Of Dehydration And Heat Exhaustion

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to various health complications. Common symptoms include:

- Dry mouth and extreme thirst.

- Dark-coloured urine or reduced urine output.

- Fatigue and dizziness.

- Rapid heartbeat.

- Confusion and irritability.

Heat exhaustion, which can develop due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures, has symptoms such as:

- Heavy sweating and clammy skin.

- Weakness and fatigue.

- Nausea or vomiting.

- Muscle cramps.

- Fainting or dizziness.

If left untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Tips To Stay Safe In Extreme Heat

Dr Vidhe Sharma, consultant physician at Ruby Hall Clinic, Hinjawadi, Pune, shares 10 essential tips to help you take care of your health during a heatwave.

One of the most important steps you can take to protect your health during a heatwave is to stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water throughout the day, even if you don't feel thirsty. Avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages, as they can contribute to dehydration.

Seek out air-conditioned environments whenever possible to escape the sweltering heat. If you don't have access to air conditioning at home, consider spending time in public places like libraries, shopping malls, or community centres. Using fans to circulate air can also provide relief from the heat.

Choose lightweight, loose-fitting clothing made from breathable fabrics like cotton or linen. Opt for light colours that reflect rather than absorb sunlight, helping to keep your body temperature down.

Try to schedule outdoor activities for the cooler parts of the day, such as early morning or evening. If you must be outside during peak heat hours, take frequent breaks in shaded areas and avoid overexertion.

Protect your skin from sunburn and potential long-term damage by applying sunscreen with a high SPF. Remember to reapply it regularly, especially if you're sweating or swimming.

Cooling off with a refreshing shower or bath can help lower your body temperature and provide relief from the heat. Consider taking multiple showers throughout the day to stay cool and refreshed.

Opt for light, easy-to-digest meals that won't weigh you down in the heat. Incorporate plenty of hydrating fruits and vegetables into your diet, and avoid heavy, greasy foods that can make you feel sluggish.

Keep an eye on elderly neighbours, young children, and those with chronic health conditions, as they may be more susceptible to heat-related illnesses. Offer assistance if needed and encourage them to stay cool and hydrated.

Know the Signs of Heat-Related Illnesses:

Familiarize yourself with the symptoms of heat exhaustion and heatstroke, including dizziness, headache, nausea, rapid heartbeat, and confusion. If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

Stay up-to-date on weather forecasts and heat advisories issued by local authorities. Follow their recommendations for staying safe during a heatwave, and be prepared to adjust your plans accordingly.

Dr Michael Carter, a public health expert from the United States, explains the global impact of extreme heat. "Climate change is leading to unpredictable weather patterns worldwide. Unseasonal heat can put immense strain on health systems, making it crucial for people to take preventive steps to protect themselves."

As temperatures continue to rise unusually early in the year, experts urge citizens to take necessary precautions and prioritize their health. The IMD advises keeping track of weather updates and preparing for hotter days ahead.

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