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Even though ovarian cancer is less common than some other cancers, it is a leading cause of cancer deaths among women across the world
Like many other cancers, ovarian cancer is known as a silent killer due to its easy-to-miss signs, which are mostly either vague, easy to miss, or mistaken for other conditions. According to statistics, even though ovarian cancer is less common than some other cancers, it is a leading cause of cancer deaths among women across the world, with a lifetime risk of about 1 in 87 and a lifetime risk of dying from it at 1 in 130.
Doctors say the survival rates vary significantly depending on the stage of diagnosis, with early-stage detection leading to much higher survival rates. Almost six in 10 women are diagnosed at a late stag which experts partially put down to the vague symptoms.
Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer
A few of the important red flags you must not ignore include:
Ovarian cancer develops and spreads throughout your abdomen before it causes any symptoms. This can make early detection difficult. A few of the symptoms may include:
- Pelvic or abdominal pain, discomfort, or bloating
- Changes in your eating habits, getting full early, and losing your appetite
- Vaginal discharge or bleeding - especially if the bleeding occurs outside of your typical menstrual cycle or after you have gone through menopause
- Bowel changes like diarrhoea or constipation
- An increase in the size of your abdomen
- Peeing more often
- Nausea
- Difficulty in emptying the bladder
- Excessive fatigue
- Pain while having sex
- Lower back pain
- Unexplained weight loss
What causes ovarian cancer?
Even though the exact cause of ovarian cancer is not known yet, some people have a slightly higher risk of developing the condition. A few risk factors of ovarian cancer include:
- Being over the age of 60
- Obesity and being overweight
- A family history of ovarian cancer
- Never being pregnant or having children later in life
- Endometriosis
- A vaccine to wipe out ovarian cancer
Experts say it may work in a similar way to the human papillomavirus, or HPV jab - on track to stamp out cervical cancer. HPV jabs are currently dished out to secondary school children and those with a high risk of the virus, cutting their danger of getting deadly conditions that are linked to the HPV, including cervical cancer and genital warts.
Scientists working to develop the ovarian cancer vaccine say they will establish which proteins on the surface of early-stage ovarian cancer cells are most strongly recognized by the immune system and how effectively the vaccine kills mini-models of ovarian cancer in the lab.
They will then move on to human clinical trials in those women who have BRCA gene mutations - which massively increase the risk of ovarian cancer - and healthy women in the general population to see if the disease could be prevented.
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