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Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily targets the lungs. The majority of individuals heal fully after proper treatment. In some cases, tuberculosis may recur after treatment, referred to as recurrence. A relapse occurs when an infection, which was once believed to have been cured, reactivates. To learn more, we turn to Dr. Arun Chowdary Kotaru, who shares valuable insights on everything you need to know.
Why does TB relapse happen?
Unless TB treatment is completed, usually six months or longer, Dr. Chowdary says, a few of the bacteria survive and re-establish themselves in the future, leading to a relapse. Individuals with compromised immunity, for example, individuals with diabetes or HIV are more at risk. Malnutrition and poor sleep also further compromise the body's resistance. Drug-resistant TB bacteria are able to endure treatment and trigger the relapse of the disease.
What are the relapse warning signs in Tuberculosis?
If TB reappears, it can have symptoms that resemble the first time it occurred. "One of the most frequent indicators is a long term cough that persists for over three weeks. Other symptoms are fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue," he says, adding that pain in the chest and shortness of breath can also be present. Identifying these early indicators is important for timely medical care and avoiding complications early on.
How to prevent TB relapse?
- Finish your treatment: Always complete the full course of TB medication, even when you feel better early.
- Regular follow-up medical checkups: Schedule follow-up checkups with your doctor after your treatment to check if there are any indications of relapse.
- Eating a balanced diet: A balanced diet helps boost the immune system. Have protein food, eggs, milk, pulses, fruits, and vegetables as part of your food.
- Avoid alcohol and smoking: These can compromise the lungs and immunity, making TB more likely to recur.
- Practice good hygiene: Stay away from close contact with TB patients, cover your mouth when coughing, and remain in well-ventilated spaces.
- Improve immunity: Exercise regularly, drink plenty of water, and control stress to keep your body healthy.
In short, if you develop symptoms of TB after treatment, get immediate medical attention. Timely detection can avoid dangerous complications. By staying aware and following preventive measures, you can lower the risk of TB recurrence and maintain good health.
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