Why Does Winter Worsen Asthma Symptoms—And How Can You Fight Back?

Asthma sufferers may find winter to be the most challenging season. Cold, dry air along with sudden changes in weather can irritate your airways, leading you to create extra mucus. Staying inside is not always beneficial because it might raise the risk of respiratory infections such as colds and flu.

When everything is considered, the colder months can be a formula for flare-ups, resulting in severe asthma symptoms that can become uncontrollable. The big question is: why do asthma patients’ problems increase in winter?

Dr. Sushrut Ganpule, Consultant, Chest Medicine, Jupiter Hospital, Pune, explains that different people have different asthma symptoms, but some common culprits include cold air, which can cause the airways to expand and constrict. “If you’ve ever gone outside on a cold day and found yourself coughing and short of breath, you’ve felt this firsthand,” says Dr. Ganpule. Indoor allergens are another significant trigger. “When the temperature lowers, we tend to stay indoors with windows closed and heat turned up, which can trap allergens such as dust mites, mold spores, and pet dander, worsening asthma symptoms.”

Dr. Ganpule also highlights respiratory infections as a major factor. “Viral diseases such as the flu and the common cold rise in the winter and are a primary trigger for many individuals with asthma. Studies show respiratory infections are responsible for most asthma episodes in children and adults,” he adds. Cold and flu medications can sometimes exacerbate symptoms too. “Decongestants, for instance, can raise your heart rate and induce shakiness, while multi-symptom drugs may contain substances unsafe for asthmatics,” warns Dr. Ganpule.

To manage asthma during winter, Dr. Ganpule recommends ensuring adequate hydration to keep lung mucus thinner and easier to clear. “Avoid close contact with people who appear unwell, and follow basic hygiene such as frequent handwashing to minimise your risk of respiratory infections,” he advises. Dressing warmly and breathing through your nose while outside can also help. “Your nasal passages warm the air before it enters your lungs, reducing irritation,” says Dr. Ganpule.

Dr. Ganpule stresses the importance of the flu vaccine and always carrying your inhaler. For exercise enthusiasts, he suggests taking precautions if working out in the cold. “Explore alternative indoor workouts and ensure good air circulation in the space,” he adds.

To combat indoor triggers, Dr. Ganpule advises using a humidifier before bedtime, regularly vacuuming and dusting your home, and washing bedding weekly in hot water to eliminate dust mites. “Avoid outdoor firepits or maintain a safe distance, and keep indoor fireplaces empty when not in use,” he suggests.

Finally, he recommends replenishing asthma medications regularly and staying in touch with your doctor, particularly if you have a history of winter attacks.

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